Gender Inequality in India: Saga of Contradictions

Ashwani K.  Gupta; Santosh  Kumar; Akhand Pratap  Singh

doi:10.21844/16202118102

Ashwani K. Gupta Associate Professor, Faculty of Business and Commerce, Chandigarh University Uttar Pradesh, Unnao, U.P., India
Santosh Kumar Assistant Professor, School of Management Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Akhand Pratap Singh Assistant Professor, Faculty of Business and Commerce, Chandigarh University Uttar Pradesh, Unnao, U.P., India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21844/16202118102

Keywords: Gender equality, Gender discrimination, Interstate gender disparity, Women empowerment, Composite gender discrimination index

Abstract

This paper discusses the nature of gender inequality and its various dimensions in India. Based on the secondary data from different censuses and indexes from 2001 to 2020, it assesses the reasons behind gender discrimination in Indian societies. It analyzes the panel data on socio-economic condition indicators such as Female - Male Ratio (FMR), Child Sex Ratio (CSR), Infant Mortality Ratio (IMR), Literacy Rate (LR), Gender Employment Ratio (GER) Property Rights (PR) Access to Credit (AC), etc. from the prominent states of India. It also examines the cross-state similarities and disparities concerning gender discrimination through regression analysis. This work will determine the trends in various areas of discrimination through convergence tests. It analyzes the cross-time and cross-state pattern of gender discrimination and tries to develop a composite gender discrimination index. The prime objective of this paper is to develop a composite gender discrimination index that enhances the clarity of gender discrimination status in India. This might help policymakers in drafting better policies, plans, and procedures for mitigating gender inequality in India.

Author Biographies

Ashwani K. Gupta, Associate Professor, Faculty of Business and Commerce, Chandigarh University Uttar Pradesh, Unnao, U.P., India

Santosh Kumar, Assistant Professor, School of Management Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Akhand Pratap Singh, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Business and Commerce, Chandigarh University Uttar Pradesh, Unnao, U.P., India